Mo^.t trong nhu+~ng ddie^`u khoa?n ghi trong Hie^.p DDi.nh Geneve dda~ ghi ro~ ra(`ng ta^'t ca? lu+.c lu+o+.ng Co^.ng Sa?n Vie^.t Nam (CSVN) dde^`u pha?i ru't kho?i La`o va` Cam Bo^'t. Va` kho^ng mo^.t lu+.c lu+o+.ng na`o Nam Ba('c na`o se~ ddu+o+.c xa^m nha^.p va`o la~nh tho^? cu?a hai mie^`n vo+'i ba^'t cu+' y' ddo^` gi`. Hie^.p DDi.nh na`y dda~ ddu+o+.c qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n ky' va` cam ke^'t va`o na(m 1954. Nhu+ng dda^y chi? la` ngu.y ke^' ta.m tho+`i cu?a ta^.p ddoa`n la~nh dda.o Co^.ng Sa?n Ha` No^.i. Chi? va`i na(m sau ddo', qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n dda~ bi' ma^.t thie^'t la^.p mo^.t he^. tho^'ng va^.n chuye^?n qua^n su+. bi' ma^.t dde^? thu+.c hie^.n mu+u ddo^` tho^n ti'ch mie^`n Nam Vie^.t Nam.

Tha'ng 5 na(m 1959, co^ng vie^.c xa^y du+.ng he^. tho^'ng va^.n chuye^?n xa^m la(ng kho^?ng lo^` tu+` Ba('c va`o Nam ddu+o+.c Co^.ng Sa?n Ba('c Vie^.t (CSBV) chi'nh thu+'c kho+?i ha`nh. DDa^y la` mo^.t he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n da`i ngoa(`n nghoe`o xuye^n qua ru+`ng nu'i, ba(ng so^ng ngo`i, ba('t dda^`u tu+` thi. tra^'n Vinh (Ba('c Vie^.t) len lo?i do.c theo bie^n gio+'i Vie^.t-Mie^n-La`o ke'o da`i va`o dde^'n ta^.n Ha?i Ca?ng Sihanouk o+? mie^`n Nam Cam Bo^'t.

Tre^n suo^'t ddoa.n ddu+o+`ng mo`n da`i ha`ng chu.c nga`n ca^y so^', qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n dda~ xa^m nha^.p va`o la~nh tho^~ Nam Vie^.t Nam o+? ca'c ti?nh gia'p bie^n gio+'i nhu+ Qua?ng Tri., Thu+`a Thie^n, Qua?ng Nam, Qua?ng Ti'n, Kontum, Pleiku, Darlac, Qua?ng DDu+'c, Phu+o+'c Long, Bi`nh Long, Ta^y Ninh, Ha^.u Nghi~a, Kie^'n Tu+o+`ng, Kie^'n Phong, Cha^u DDo^'c, va` Kie^n Giang. Co^.ng qua^n dda~ xu+? du.ng La`o va` Cam Bo^'t nhu+ mo^.t "ba`n dda.p an toa`n" dde^? ta^'n co^ng Vie^.t Nam Co^.ng Ho`a (VNCH). Na(m 1972, trong mo^.t cuo^.c xa^m la(ng qua^n su+. dda.i quy mo^, ha`ng tra(m nga`n qua^n CSBV tu+` be^n La`o va` Cam Bo^'t vu+o+.t bie^n gio+'i dda'nh va`o ca'c ti?nh Qua?ng Tri., Thu+`a Thie^n, Kontum, va` Bi`nh Long cu?a VNCH. Ro^`i cuo^'i na(m 1974 va` sang dde^'n 1975, ca'c binh ddoa`n Co^.ng qua^n ta^.p trung be^n La`o va` Cam Bo^'t dda~ mo+? nhu+~ng cuo^.c ta^'n co^ng lo+'n va`o ca'c ma(.t tra^.n Qua?ng Nga~i, Phu+o+'c Long, Kontum, Ban Me^ Thuo^.t, Qua?ng DDu+'c, va` Ta^y Ninh. Va` ddo' cu~ng la` cuo^.c xa^m la(ng cuo^'i cu`ng cu?a qua^n CSBV trong cuo^.c chie^'n.

He^. Tho^'ng DDu+o+`ng Mo`n Ho^` Chi' Minh

La^`n DDa^`u Tie^n Tha`nh La^.p	Tha'ng 5 na(m 1959.
Chie^`u Da`i	1,500 km ddu+o+`ng tha(?ng. Ho+n 100,000 km to^?ng co^.ng ca'c chi nha'nh nho?)
Chie^`u Ro^.ng	90 km o+? khoa?ng ro^.ng nha^'t.
Ca'c Quo^'c Gia Bi. Xa^m Nha^.p	La`o, Cam Bo^'t, va` Vie^.t Nam Co^.ng Ho`a (Nam Vie^.t Nam)
Mu+'c DDo^. Xa^m Nha^.p Tu+` 1959-75	Trung bi`nh 60,000 bo^. ddo^.i Co^.ng Sa?n ha`ng na(m.
Nhu+~ng Tra.m Chuye^?n Tie^'p Lo+'n	Techpone (La`o), Mu+o+`ng No^ng (La`o), Snuol (Cam Bo^'t), Kratie (Cam Bo^'t), va` ha?i ca?ng Sihanouk (Cam Bo^'t).
Tho+`i Gian Di Chuye^?n tu+` Ba('c va`o Nam	Giai ddoa.n dda^`u cu?a cuo^.c chie^'n: 6 tha'ng. Giai ddoa.n cuo^'i cu?a cuo^.c chie^'n): 1 tua^`n le^~.
Nhu+~ng Cuo^.c Ha`nh Qua^n Lo+'n cu?a QLVNCH va` Hoa Ky` DDa'nh Pha' He^. Tho^'ng DDu+o+`ng Mo`n HCM	Ha`nh qua^n va`o Cam Bo^'t na(m 1970. Chie^'n di.ch Lam So+n 719 ta.i Ha. la`o na(m 1971.

Ke^? tu+` khi ddu+o+.c thie^'t la^.p la^`n dda^`u tie^n va`o na(m 1959, mu+'c ddo^. xa^m nha^.p cu?a qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n tu+` Ba('c va`o Nam ca`ng nga`y ca`ng gia ta(ng. Cho dde^'n na(m 1970 thi` he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n HCM dda~ tro+? tha`nh mo^.t mo^'i lo nga.i dda'ng ke^? cho cha'nh phu? VNCH. Tha'ng 3 na(m 1970, ca'c lu+.c lu+o+.ng Hoa Ky` va` VNCH tie^'n va`o Cam Bo^'t dda'nh pha' ca'c ca(n cu+' qua^n su+. cu?a CSBV. Mo^.t na(m sau ddo', he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n HCM o+? Ha. La`o dda~ bi. Qua^n Lu+.c Vie^.t Nam Co^.ng Ho`a (QLVNCH) ha`nh qua^n tie^u die^.t. Ca? hai chie^'n di.ch dda.i quy mo^ na`y trong hai na(m 1970 va` 1971 dda~ ga^y nhie^`u thie^.t ha.i to lo+'n cho qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n.

Tuy nhie^n, he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n HCM la` mo^.t ma.n lu+o+'i qua' vi~ dda.i. To^?ng so^' chie^`u da`i cu?a ta^'t ca? ca'c chi nha'nh trong ru+`ng, tre^n nu'i, tre^n so^ng, trong ddi.a dda.o (du+o+'i ma(.t dda^'t), va` chu+a ke^? ddu+o+`ng bie^?n, co^.ng la.i la` dde^'n ca? va`i tra(m nga`n ca^y so^'. Do ddo', nhu+~ng cuo^.c ha`nh qua^n cu?a QLVNCH va` Hoa Ky` trong hai na(m 1970 va` 1971 dda~ kho^ng the^? na`o tie^u die^.t ddu+o+.c he^'t tha?y toa`n bo^. he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n tru`ng tru`ng ddie^.p ddie^.p na`y tu+` trung pha^`n Ba('c Vie^.t cho dde^'n Nam pha^`n Nam Vie^.t Nam.

Na(m 1974, Hoa Ky` ba('t dda^`u ca('t gia?m ca'c vie^.n tro+. qua^n su+. cho mie^`n Nam Vie^.t Nam. Qua^n Lu+.c VNCH dda~ pha?i chie^'n dda^'u trong mo^.t hoa`n ca?nh thie^'u tho^'n ra^'t to^.i nghie^.p. Qua^n ddo^.i kho^ng co' ddu? vu~ khi', dda.n du+o+.c, xa(ng da^`u, va` qua^n cu.. Te^. ho+n he^'t la` su+. thie^'u tho^'n ve^` ca'c phu+o+ng tie^.n kho^ng va^.n. DDa so^' lu+.c lu+o+.ng qua^n su+. cu?a VNCH dde^`u bi. do^`n va`o the^' thu. ddo^.ng, ddo'ng qua^n o+? mo^.t cho^~. Do ddo', vie^.c di chuye^?n binh si~ dde^? pho`ng thu? mo^.t la~nh tho^? qua' da`i tu+` Vi~ Tuye^'n 17 xuo^'ng dde^'n Mu~i Ca` Mau dda~ tro+? tha`nh mo^.t mo^.t vie^.c kho' kha(n phi thu+o+`ng.

Lo+.i du.ng su+. thie^'u hu.t na`y cu?a ddo^'i phu+o+ng, qua^n CSBV dda~ gia ta(ng mu+'c ddo^. xa^m nha^.p. He^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n HCM ddu+o+.c tu bo^? va` mo+? ro^.ng tha`nh nhu+~ng khoa?ng "xa lo^." ro^.ng ra~i xuye^n ru+`ng gia` tu+` Ba('c va`o Nam. Tha'ng 12 na(m 1974, ca'c su+ ddoa`n CSBV tu+` Cam Bo^'t vu+o+.t bie^n gio+'i dda'nh chie^'m Phu+o+'c Long. Tha'ng 3 na(m 1975, tu+` Cam Bo^'t qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n la.i tra`n qua ta^'n co^ng Ban Me^ Thuo^.t. Chie^'n di.ch xa^m la(ng qua^n su+. sau cu`ng cu?a qua^n Co^.ng Sa?n ba('t dda^`u tu+` ddo'. No'i to'm la.i, ne^'u La`o va` Cam Bo^'t la` hai quo^'c gia vu+~ng ma.nh co' dda^`y ddu? phu+o+ng tie^.n dde^? nga(n cha^.n mo.i su+. xa^m nha^.p cu?a CSBV, thi` co' le~ cuo^.c chie^'n se~ co`n ke'o da`i. Va` mie^`n Nam Vie^.t Nam cha('c ha(?n se~ kho^ng bao gio+` ro+i va`o tay Co^.ng Sa?n.

Trong suo^'t cuo^.c chie^'n, Ha` No^.i dda~ lie^n tu.c xu+? du.ng he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n Ho^` Chi' Minh dde^? xa^m la(ng nu+o+'c Vie^.t Nam Co^.ng Ho`a. Tuy ra(`ng Ha` No^.i dda~ ky' ke^'t Hie^.p DDi.nh Geneve na(m 1954, va` tuy ra(`ng Ha` No^.i dda~ ky' ke^'t Hie^.p DDi.nh Paris na(m 1973, nhu+ng ca'c la~nh tu. Co^.ng Sa?n Ha` No^.i dda~ cha(?ng he^` to^n tro.ng nhu+~ng ddie^`u ho. cam ke^'t. Ho. dda~ xem thu+o+`ng sanh ma.ng da^n la`nh, tie^'p tu.c ke'o da`i y' ddo^` xa^m la(ng ma'u lu+?a, dde^? ro^`i xo^ dda^?y ho+n mo^.t trie^.u bo^. ddo^.i Ba('c Vie^.t ddi va`o co~i che^'t tre^n he^. tho^'ng ddu+o+`ng mo`n HCM.

Tha'ng 1	Co+ Quan Ti`nh Ba'o CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) cu?a Hoa Ky` ba('t ddu+o+.c ma^.t le^.nh cu?a cha'nh phu? Ha` No^.i ve^` vie^.c thie^'t la^.p 2 ca(n cu+' qua^n su+. bi' ma^.t tre^n la~nh tho^? Nam Vie^.t Nam. Tin ti`nh ba'o cho bie^'t mo^.t ca(n cu+' se~ ddu+o+.c dda(.t ta.i cao nguye^n trung pha^`n, ca(n cu+' thu+' nhi` se~ dda(.t ta.i Ta^y Ninh (John Bowman: Vietnam War Almanac, tr.47).
Tha'ng 5	DDoa`n Tie^'p Va^.n dda(.t bie^.t mang bi' so^' "559" ddu+o+.c tha`nh la^.p vo+'i nhie^.m vu. ba?o ve^., mo+? mang, tu su+?a va` xe^'p dda(.t nhu+~ng co+ so+? ha^.u ca^`n do.c theo tru.c tie^'p va^.n Ba('c-Nam o+? tre^n 3 quo^'c gia La`o, Cam Bo^'t, va` Vie^.t Nam (Tra^`n DDo^~ Ca^?m: DDu+o+`ng Mo`n Ho^` Chi' Minh, 1998).
8 Tha'ng 7	Vie^.t Co^.ng ta^'n co^ng mo^.t ca(n cu+' qua^n su+. ta.i Bie^n Ho`a, la`m thie^.t ma.ng Thie^'u Ta' Dale R. Buis va` Trung Si~ Chester M. Ovnand. DDa^y la` 2 qua^n nha^n My~ dda^`u tie^n tu+? tra^.n ta.i Vie^.t Nam ke^? tu+` khi Hie^.p DDi.nh Geneve ddu+o+.c ky' ke^'t (John Bowman: Vietnam War Almanac, tr.47).
Tha'ng 7	4,000 bo^. ddo^.i CSBV bi' ma^.t xa^m nha^.p mie^`n Nam Vie^.t Nam (Phillip Davison: Vietnam at War, p.289).
8 tha'ng 12	Cha'nh phu? Ngo^ DDi`nh Die^.m gu+?i 10 trie^.u quan dde^? giu'p ddo+~ ca'c na.n nha^n trong vu. vo+~ dda^.p nu+o+'c o+? Frejus (Vu~ DDi`nh Hoa.t: Vie^.t Nam To^n Gia'o Chi'nh Tri. Quan, tr.751).